neutrinos nobel prize

Neutrinos and the Nobel Prize

Neutrino experiments are difficult and often ground-breaking. In (sometimes long-delayed) recognition of this, a number of pioneers of neutrino physics have been awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics.

1988	Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz, Jack Steinberger	for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino
1995	Frederick Reines	for the detection of the neutrino
2002	Raymond Davis and Masatoshi Koshiba	for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos

In addition, Wolfgang Pauli (1945), Enrico Fermi (1938), and Lee and Yang (1957), who made major contributions to neutrino theory, won the Nobel Prize for work not directly connected with neutrinos. Clyde Cowan did not share in the belated prize for the discovery of the neutrino because Nobel prizes are not awarded posthumously.